Developing an integrated framework for walkability assessment: A case study of Çankaya’s urban mobility

Abstract

Despite increasing recognition of walkability’s importance in sustainable urban planning, no integrated framework exists for its assessment and improvement. Previous approaches have not mathematically evaluated optimal design criteria, showing the need for a new strategy to systematically enhance pedestrian environments. This study proposes an integrated strategy combining two techniques – spatial network analysis and design-multivariate optimisation – to address this inefficiency. In the first step, spatial network analysis was used to classify walkability levels as high, medium, or low, with the low levels identifying pedestrian routes in need of improvement. In the second step, a design-multivariate optimisation procedure was applied to mathematically derive the best design criteria by enhancing key walkability factors. The study examines 117 neighbourhoods in Çankaya, Turkey, a densely populated and mixed-use urban district. Given the importance of walkability in such areas, the research aims to support local government decision-making, by providing valuable insights for urban planning and development. Results indicate high walkability levels in the district’s central areas but low walkability and connectivity between the centre and the eastern section. In the second phase, 20 streets were selected for further analysis, with data structured into a design matrix. Expert response to this matrix was used for multivariate optimisation, employing a second-order quadratic model to determine the optimal walkability design criteria. Findings highlight the value of combining and integrating network analysis with optimisation techniques to generate evidence-based solutions in urban planning. The proposed strategy offers practical recommendations for enhancing pedestrian infrastructure and establishing standardised design criteria, contributing to more sustainable, accessible, and pedestrian-friendly urban environments.