The role of the Holy Spirit in Calvin's doctrine of the sacraments

Abstract

Calvin has frequently been labeled “the theologian of the Holy Spirit”. Although there have been a number of studies of various aspects of the Holy Spirit in Calvin’s theology since the significant works of Simon van der Linde (1943) and Werner Krusche (1957), none has dealt with the role the Spirit plays in Calvin’s doctrine of the sacraments. The Word and faith are requisites for any  efficacious experience of the sacraments, but “whatever God offers us in the sacraments depends on the secret operation of his Spirit” (Calvin). Baptism signifies the forgiveness of our sins and regeneration, although the beginning of that regeneration may precede or follow the act of baptism. In the Lord’s Supper the Holy Spirit performs two related functions: he unites that which is separated by time and space, viz., the ascended Lord and the believer, and in the action of the sacrament feeds the believer with the flesh and blood of Christ. Thereby Christ is truly present in the Supper. This is a spiritual presence, but it is not something psychological or unreal. In the last analysis, Calvin concedes that this is a mystery which is “too lofty” for his “mind to comprehend”. In any case, he would “rather experience it than understand it”.